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Scientists
 Websites presented in alphabetical order About Salk 
 This essay describes physician and scientist Jonas Salk's development of the polio vaccine, and his development of the Salk Institute in San Diego, California. Includes links to a timeline, a video about Salk and the institute, and the Jonas Salk Trust. From the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. http://www.salk.edu/about/ Topics: Infectious Diseases, Notable People, Public Health & Safety Last updated Nov 8, 2008 Alfred Nobel: The Man Behind the Nobel Prize
"Articles, photographs, a slide show and poetry written by Nobel himself are presented here to give a glimpse of a man whose varied interests are reflected in the prize he established. Meet Alfred Nobel -- scientist, inventor, entrepreneur, author and pacifist." Also includes a FAQ, a timeline showing when he patented the safer explosives nitroglycerin (blasting oil) and dynamite, and his will. From the official website for the Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/ Topics: Notable People, Science Last updated Nov 27, 2007 ASAP Web: Australian Science Archives Project
ASAP "aims to provide access to Australia's scientific, technological, and medical heritage. It has links with Australia's major scientific and cultural institutions including the National Library of Australia, Australian Archives, the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering." The site also has information "on over 3,000 Australian scientists from the eighteenth century to the present" and a Cabinet of Curiosities with "200 years of Australian science represented through art." http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/ Topics: Discover New Trails at LII, History By Place, Libraries & Archives by Type, Notable People, Regions of the World, Science, Science Last updated Aug 4, 2004 BBC Science & Nature: Leonardo
"Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519. Italian artist, scientist, engineer. An all-round genius whose paintings and inventions changed the world. Take an interactive journey through his life and works to discover what made him a true Renaissance man." Includes a timeline, painting and drawing galleries, an interactive tour of Leonardo's studio, and a quiz to see what type of a thinker you are. From the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/leonardo/ Topics: Artists, Notable People Last updated Mar 8, 2007 Benjamin Franklin ... In His Own Words
This online exhibition "concentrates on his [Franklin's] achievements as a printer and writer, an inventor and scientist, and, particularly, as a politician and statesman." It features images of "documents, letters, books, broadsides, and cartoons" on topics such as initial support and then opposition to the 1765 British Stamp Act, the Continental Congress, and the Treaty of Paris. Includes a chronology and partial transcriptions of selected manuscripts. From the Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/franklin-home.html Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government Last updated Nov 22, 2006 The Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary
This website "[marks] the three-hundred-year anniversary of Benjamin Franklin's birth (1706-2006) with a celebration dedicated to educating the public about Franklin's enduring legacy." Find an exhibition on Franklin's life (also in French and Spanish), educational materials, a calendar of events happening in several states, and other material on Franklin. From a consortium of libraries, museums, and organizations. http://www.benfranklin300.org Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government, Science, Technology Last updated Feb 8, 2006 Benjamin Franklin: An Extraordinary Life, An Electric Mind
Companion to this 2002 documentary series that explored Benjamin Franklin's "career from humble beginnings in Boston to international superstardom: first as a scientist and revolutionary, and then as a founding father and America's first diplomat to France." Features essays, a timeline, "Ben A to Z," a teacher's guide, and more. From Twin Cities Public Television. http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/ Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government Last updated Jan 8, 2007 Benjamin Franklin: Glimpses of the Man
This searchable collection from the Franklin Institute Science Museum features a chronology, family tree, and information about Franklin as "a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, a musician, and an economist." Includes recommended websites and books for adults and children. http://sln.fi.edu/franklin/ Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government, Science, Science, Technology Last updated Jul 13, 2005 Bioscience at Berkeley, Biotechnology in the Bay Area: Selections From an Exhibit in the Bancroft Library
This exhibit includes information on the development of recombinant DNA (making it "possible to recombine and clone DNA"); profiles of University of California bioscientists Karl Meyer, Melvin Calvin, Wendell Stanley, and Gunther Stent; information on the emerging biotechnology industry; and excerpts from "The Cartoon Guide to Genetics: A Soft Approach to Hard Science" by Larry Gonick and Mark Wheelis. Features photographs, images of texts, and other ephemera. From the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/Biotech/ Topics: Notable People, San Francisco Bay Area: Oakland, San Jose, more ..., Science, Science, Social Issues, Technology Last updated Aug 4, 2003 Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th Centuries
"A [searchable] collection of 631 detailed biographies on members of the scientific community during the 16th and 17th centuries with vital facts about each individual and their contributions to science." A resource for finding background information on both lesser known and very famous scientists. To get an alphabetical listing of all entries, leave the search form blank and click on "search." From The Galileo Project, Rice University, Houston, Texas. http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/catalog.html Topics: Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Aug 4, 2004 Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of Chemical Sciences
This exhibit's purpose is to present "the human face of science. ... You’ll meet chemists in formal settings, in relaxed moments with their families, and engaged in their work." Illustrated essays present profiles of chemists who have worked on electrochemistry, the periodic table, atomic and nuclear structure, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, plastics, and other areas of chemical research. From the Chemical Heritage Foundation. http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/ Topics: Notable People, Science Last updated Oct 12, 2007 The Chymistry of Isaac Newton
This site "is producing a scholarly online edition of Newton's alchemical manuscripts integrated with new research on Newton's chymistry. ... [A]bout two hundred fifty [pages] have been edited and are available online, including Newton's Most Complete Laboratory Notebook [written between 1669 and 1693]." The site includes text transcriptions, interpretive notes, and a guide to symbols relating to these materials first discovered in 1936. From Indiana University. http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/newton/index.jsp Topics: Dragons, Dreams, & Daring Deeds, Notable People, Science Last updated May 1, 2007 Cousteau Society: Heritage
Background about French oceanographic researcher and explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, covering his achievements, inventions, ocean journeys on the "Calypso," the TV series "The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau," and more. Includes interviews, photos, and a list of Cousteau's films. Note: Use menu bar near top of the page to navigate to most subsections. Also available in French. From the Cousteau Society, France. http://www.cousteau.org/en/heritage/captain/man.php Topics: Notable People Last updated Jun 6, 2006 The Crick Papers
Selections from the papers of biologist Francis Crick, whose "discovery of the structure of DNA (with James Watson) is widely recognized as one of the defining and enabling moments in the history of human achievement." Includes images of papers on the DNA double helix, DNA replication, and related topics. From the Wellcome Trust, a London-based charity. http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/node30074.html Topics: Health, Health & Medical Disciplines, Notable People, Science, Science Last updated May 7, 2006 Dr. Edwin H. Land (1909-1991)
Biography of scientist Edwin H. Land, who "was distinguished for his inventions and contributions in the fields of polarized light, photography and colour vision," and who developed the Polaroid instant camera and founded the Polaroid Corporation. Illustrated biography sections discuss Land's early life and his theories and achievements. From the "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society," reprinted on the website of the Rowland Institute at Harvard, which was founded by Land. http://www.rowland.harvard.edu/organization/land/index.php Topics: Notable People, Photography Last updated Feb 13, 2008 Edward Lorenz, Father of Chaos Theory and Butterfly Effect, Dies at 90
April 2008 obituary for Edward Lorenz, "an MIT meteorologist who tried to explain why it is so hard to make good weather forecasts and wound up unleashing a scientific revolution called chaos theory [in the 1960s]." His observations "that small differences in a dynamic system such as the atmosphere ... could trigger vast and often unsuspected results" led him to formulate what became known as the butterfly effect. From the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/obit-lorenz-0416.html Topics: Notable People, Physics, Weather Last updated Apr 30, 2008 The Electric Ben Franklin
"The remarkable Benjamin Franklin, a printer by trade, a scientist by fame, and a man of action by all accounts, continues to shape American thinking and action. The Independence Hall Association has commissioned and assembled resources for you to explore the diversity that was Benjamin Franklin." Features biographical information, images, a timeline, articles, activities, interactive features (including panoramic views of historical buildings), quotes, and related links. http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/ Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government, Science, Science, Technology Last updated Oct 4, 2004 The eLibrary Oral History Collection: Bioscience and Biotechnology
This collection is organized thematically by floor (bioscience, biotechnology, Genentech, Amgen, Chiron, medical physics) and highlights individuals involved in bioscience and biotechnology. Three floors are dedicated to oral histories from health professionals (scientists, physicians, nurses) describing the AIDS epidemic in San Francisco during 1981-1984. From the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/projects/biosci/projects_a.html Topics: California: Health, California: Libraries, Infectious Diseases, Nonfiction by Genre, Notable People, San Francisco Bay Area: Oakland, San Jose, more ..., Science, Technology Last updated Jul 6, 2006 Emilio Sergè Visual Archives
This searchable collection of photographs and other visual materials "focuses on American physicists and astronomers of the twentieth century, but includes many scientists in Europe and elsewhere, in other fields related to physics, and in earlier times." Features "mini-exhibits" on a number of scientists, including Marie Curie, Enrico Fermi, Albert Einstein, and Niels Bohr. From the American Institute of Physics. http://photos.aip.org/ Topics: Notable People, Physics, Science, Science Last updated Jun 5, 2007 Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe
A database of medieval and Renaissance scientific instruments made before A.D. 1600. The over 500 entries include images and descriptions of astrolabes, armillary spheres, sundials, quadrants, nocturnals, compendia, and surveying instruments. Also features biographical information on the instrument makers and a glossary. From four European museums that "house the finest collections of early scientific instruments in the world." http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/epact/ Topics: Dragons, Dreams, & Daring Deeds, Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Aug 23, 2005 Eric Weisstein's World of Science
Includes extensive encyclopedias of astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and scientific biography. Entries include definitions, diagrams, formulas, cross-references, and related resources. Searchable, and browsable alphabetically or by topic. Also has a "random entry" feature. The author is a scientist with advanced degrees in physics and planetary science. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/ Topics: Notable People, Ready Reference & Quick Facts, Ready Reference & Quick Facts, Science, Science Last updated Jun 24, 2003 Forgotten Genius
Companion to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Nova program about the "extraordinary life journey of Percy Julian, one of the great chemists of the 20th century. ... [Who was] the grandson of Alabama slaves," and who "become a world-class scientist, a self-made millionaire, and a civil-rights pioneer." Features a timeline, audio clips of Julian, and material about making steroids. Also includes links to resources and a teacher's guide. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/julian/ Topics: Black Resources, Notable People Last updated Feb 5, 2007 The Handbook of Texas Online: Marion King Hubbert
Biography of Marion King Hubbert, the geophysicist "perhaps best known for his studies of petroleum and natural gas reserves." Discusses Hubbert's predictions about the peak of crude-oil production in the U.S., which have contributed to the current-day "peak oil" debate. From the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin and the Texas State Historical Association. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/HH/fhu85.html Topics: Notable People, Oil & Gas Last updated May 9, 2008 Her Lab in Your Life: Women in Chemistry
This companion to a traveling exhibition "frames the stories of women chemists in a series of 12 colorful thematic stations." Topics include chemistry and the human body (DNA, enzymes), medicine, food, style (cosmetics, high-tech fabrics), computer chips, health and safety, and environmental protection. Also includes information about careers in chemistry. From the Chemical Heritage Foundation. http://www.chemheritage.org/women_chemistry/ Topics: Nonfiction by Genre, Notable People, Notable People: Women, Science, Science Last updated Jul 6, 2005 ISIHighlyCited.com
Profiles "the most highly cited" researchers in life sciences, medicine, physical sciences, engineering, and social sciences during 1981-1999. Entries may include contact information, educational background, research interests, appointments and affiliations, honors and awards, memberships, and publications. Searchable by last name; browsable by category, name, institution, or country. International in scope. http://isihighlycited.com/ Topics: Literature & Books, Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Mar 31, 2005 The Julius Axelrod Papers
This site spotlights the Nobel Prize-winning scientist Julius Axelrod, whose pioneering work in neurotransmitters formed the foundation for the development of antidepressants. The exhibit includes photographs, laboratory notes, speeches, and articles. From the National Library of Medicine's Profiles in Science series. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/ Topics: Archives, Discover New Trails at LII, Drugs & Medications by Type, Notable People, Photograph Collections, Science, Science Last updated Feb 1, 2006 Kinsey
Companion website to a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) American Experience film about Alfred Kinsey, the "man who would become known as the greatest chronicler of America's sexual experiences," Includes features on what it was like "to sit in Kinsey's interview chair," public reactions to his Kinsey Reports, expert opinions, a timeline, letters to Kinsey, profiles, and related resources. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/kinsey/ Topics: Notable People, Society & Social Science Last updated Oct 19, 2005 Lawrence and the Cyclotron
Exhibition about physicist Ernest Orlando Lawrence, whose "invention of the cyclotron, an accelerator of subatomic particles, won him the Nobel Prize in 1939." Features biographical information, photos, and information about topics such as Lawrence's development of the Radiation Laboratory (or "Rad Lab") in Berkeley, California, and science during the Cold War. Includes a bibliography and related links. From the American Institute of Physics. http://www.aip.org/history/lawrence/ Topics: California: Photograph Collections, Notable People, Photograph Collections, Physics Last updated Jan 26, 2005 Legacies: A Shrine to the Famous
Selection of items in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History that represent famous Americans. Features gowns of some of the first ladies, personal belongings of presidents, uniforms of military heroes, the compass used on the Lewis and Clark expedition, daredevil Evel Knievel's jumpsuit and motorcycle jacket, boxing champion Muhammad Ali's gloves and robe, Albert Einstein's pipe, and many more. Part of a larger Smithsonian Institution exhibit. http://www.smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/gallery.cfm?gallery=2shrine%20to%20the%20famous Topics: Notable People, Notable People: Government Last updated Nov 11, 2008 Leonardo da Vinci: Scientist, Inventor, Artist
This site provides a biography and background of some of Leonardo da Vinci's work, as well as images of his art, scientific drawings, and inventions. Includes classroom activities and a glossary. "Appropriate for students in grades four through eight, many of the activities can be adapted for younger or older students as needed." From the Museum of Science, Boston. http://www.mos.org/leonardo/ Topics: Art by Region, Artists, Notable People, Science, Science, Technology Last updated Dec 7, 2004 Linnaeus 2007
Website commemorating the 300th anniversary of the birth of Carl Linnaeus, "the most well-known Swedish scientist," whose work began "[t]he Linnaean era ... [which was] characterised by an ambition to catalogue, organise and give names to the whole natural world." Features background about Linnaeus and sites associated with his work, and links to summaries of his correspondence and to other related sites Note: Some links broken as site was last updated in 2007. http://www.linnaeus2007.se/ Topics: Notable People, Science Last updated Sep 10, 2008 Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA
This site explores one of the greatest scientific achievements of the twentieth century: the legendary race for the discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, the basic foundation of life. Features over 800 scanned manuscripts, letters, communications, photographs, audio clips, video excerpts, and rare documents never previously displayed. Includes a chronological illustrated narrative written from Linus Pauling's perspective. From the Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Papers, Valley Library, Oregon State University. http://osulibrary.orst.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/dna/ Topics: Correspondence, Notable People, Photograph Collections: Regional: United States, Science, Science Last updated Nov 23, 2005 Linus Pauling Research Notebooks
This site offers digital displays of Nobel Prize-winner (1954 chemistry and 1962 peace prize) Linus Pauling's 46 research notebooks, spanning the years 1922-1994. "The notebooks contain many of Pauling's laboratory calculations and experimental data, as well as scientific conclusions, ideas for further research and numerous autobiographical musings." Although the site is not searchable, it provides a subject index. From the Oregon State University Library, Special Collections. http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/rnb/ Topics: Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Nov 17, 2004 Marvin Minsky
"Marvin Minsky has made many contributions to AI, cognitive psychology, mathematics, computational linguistics, robotics, and optics. In recent years he has worked chiefly on imparting to machines the human capacity for commonsense reasoning." This site provides articles, interviews, and a bibliography. The section "Books, Students & Mentors" offers insight into Minsky's intellectual antecedents and influences. http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/ Topics: Computers, Notable People, Science, Technology Last updated Feb 17, 2005 Mathematicians of the African Diaspora (MAD)
Profiles of black mathematicians, computer scientists, and physicists; a history of Blacks in modern mathematics; a section on Black women in math sciences; math in ancient Africa; job listings; and links to Black organizations and journals in the field are some of the features of this site. Searchable. Created by a professor of mathematics. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/ Topics: Black Resources, Mathematics, Notable People, Regions of the World, Regions of the World, Science, Science Last updated Jan 12, 2004 The Newton Project
This project aims to make available "a complete edition of [Isaac] Newton's manuscript and print legacy ... including 'non-scientific' writings." The site features a browsable collection of transcriptions and images of manuscripts, a detailed guide to the records, information about archival efforts, and a brief timeline of Newton's life and works. From Imperial College London. http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/ Topics: Authors by Region, Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Mar 29, 2007 Nobel Laureates
Profiles nine researchers from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory awarded Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. Contains presentation and acceptance speeches, biographies submitted to the Nobel Committee, photographs, and an overview article on "the science behind each of the Nobels." From the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-PID/Nobel-laureates.html Topics: Government, Government, Notable People, Photograph Collections, San Francisco Bay Area: Oakland, San Jose, more ..., Science, Science Last updated Jul 6, 2006 Profiles in Science
Those interested in the history of modern biomedical science will find the archival collections of several prominent contributors here. Christian Anfinsen, Oswald T. Avery, Julius Axelrod, Joshua Lederberg, Barbara McClintock, Marshall Nirenberg, Linus Pauling, and Martin Rodbell are included. Each collection has an introductory exhibit explaining the scientist's life and work and a comprehensive collection of digitized documents and audiovisual material. Searchable. From the National Library of Medicine. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ Topics: Notable People, Science, Science Last updated Jun 5, 2002 Profiles in Science: The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers
Biography of "Albert Imre Szent-Gyorgyi (1893-1986), a Hungarian-born biochemist, [who] was the first to isolate vitamin C, and ... [whose] research on biological oxidation provided the b | |||